4 (pyrrolopyridinyl)pyrimidin-2-ylamine derivatives

ABSTRACT

Compounds of the formula (I), in which R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4  and R 5  have the meanings indicated in Claim  1 , are inhibitors of cell proliferation\cell vitality and can be employed for the treatment of tumors.

This application is a divisional application of U.S. Ser. No.12/527,671, filed Aug. 18, 2009, now patented.

The invention relates to compounds of the formula I

in which

-   R¹ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or    —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl,-   R² denotes H or A,-   R³, R⁴, each, independently of one another, denote H, A, Hal, CN,    —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl,-   R⁵ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or    —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl,-   R⁶ denotes H or alkyl having 1-6 C atoms,-   A, A′ each, independently of one another, denote unbranched or    branched alkyl having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two CH₂ groups    may be replaced by O or S atoms and/or by —CH═CH— groups and/or, in    addition, 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F,-   Hal denotes F, Cl, Br or I,-   Ar denotes a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle having    5-14 C atoms which is unsubstituted or mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- or    pentasubstituted by OH, OA, SH, SA, SOA, SO₂A, Hal, NO₂, NH₂, NHA,    NAA′, A, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHA, SO₂NAA′, CONH₂, CONHA, CONAA′, NACOA′,    NASO₂A′, COOH, COOA, COA, CHO and/or CN,-   Het denotes a mono- or bicyclic saturated, unsaturated or aromatic    heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and/or S atoms, which may be    unsubstituted or mono- or disubstituted by OH, OA, SOA, SO₂A, Hal,    NO₂, NH₂, NHA, NAA′, A, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHA, SO₂NAA′, CONH₂, CONHA,    CONAA′, NACOA′, NASO₂A′, COOH, COOA, CHO, COA and/or CN,-   n denotes 0, 1 or 2,    and pharmaceutically usable derivatives, solvates, salts, tautomers    and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios.

The invention was based on the object of finding novel compounds havingvaluable properties, in particular those which can be used for thepreparation of medicaments.

It has been found that the compounds of the formula I and salts and/orsolvates thereof have very valuable pharmacological properties whilebeing well tolerated.

In particular, they exhibit a cell proliferation/cellvitality-inhibiting action as antagonists or agonists. The compoundsaccording to the invention can therefore be used for the combatingand/or treatment of tumours, tumour growth and/or tumour metastases.

The antiproliferative action can be tested in a proliferationassay/vitality assay.

Other 4-(pyrrolopyridinyl)pyrimidinyl-2-amine derivatives are described,for example, by P. M. Fresneda et al. in Tetrahedron 57 (2001)2355-2363. Other 4-(pyrrolopyridinyl)pyrimidinyl-2-amine derivatives arealso described by A. Karpov in his dissertation, University ofHeidelberg, April 2005.

Other aminopyridine derivatives which carry a2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl radical are described in WO2004/089913 for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.

Accordingly, the compounds according to the invention or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are administered for thetreatment of cancer, including solid carcinomas, such as, for example,carcinomas (for example of the lungs, pancreas, thyroid, bladder orcolon), myeloid diseases (for example myeloid leukaemia) or adenomas(for example villous colon adenoma).

The tumours furthermore include monocytic leukaemia, brain, urogenital,lymphatic system, stomach, laryngeal and lung carcinoma, including lungadenocarcinoma and small-cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic and/or breastcarcinoma.

The compounds are furthermore suitable for the treatment of immunedeficiency induced by HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1).

Cancer-like hyperproliferative diseases are to be regarded as braincancer, lung cancer, squamous epithelial cancer, bladder cancer, stomachcancer, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, renal cancer, colorectalcancer, breast cancer, head cancer, neck cancer, oesophageal cancer,gynaecological cancer, thyroid cancer, lymphomas, chronic leukaemia andacute leukaemia. In particular, cancer-like cell growth is a diseasewhich represents a target of the present invention. The presentinvention therefore relates to compounds according to the invention asmedicaments and/or medicament active ingredients in the treatment and/orprophylaxis of the said diseases and to the use of compounds accordingto the invention for the preparation of a pharmaceutical for thetreatment and/or prophylaxis of the said diseases and to a process forthe treatment of the said diseases comprising the administration of oneor more compounds according to the invention to a patient in need ofsuch an administration.

It can be shown that the compounds according to the invention have anantiproliferative action. The compounds according to the invention areadministered to a patient having a hyperproliferative disease, forexample to inhibit tumour growth, to reduce inflammation associated witha lymphoproliferative disease, to inhibit transplant rejection orneurological damage due to tissue repair, etc. The present compounds aresuitable for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes. As used herein, theterm “treatment” is used to refer to both the prevention of diseases andthe treatment of pre-existing conditions. The prevention ofproliferation/vitality is achieved by administration of the compoundsaccording to the invention prior to the development of overt disease,for example for preventing tumour growth. Alternatively, the compoundsare used for the treatment of ongoing diseases by stabilising orimproving the clinical symptoms of the patient.

The host or patient can belong to any mammalian species, for example aprimate species, particularly humans; rodents, including mice, rats andhamsters; rabbits; horses, cows, dogs, cats, etc. Animal models are ofinterest for experimental investigations, providing a model fortreatment of a human disease.

The susceptibility of a particular cell to treatment with the compoundsaccording to the invention can be determined by in vitro testing.Typically, a culture of the cell is incubated with a compound accordingto the invention at various concentrations for a period of time which issufficient to allow the active agents to induce cell death or to inhibitcell proliferation, cell vitality or migration, usually between aboutone hour and one week. In vitro testing can be carried out usingcultivated cells from a biopsy sample. The amount of cells remainingafter the treatment are then determined. The dose varies depending onthe specific compound used, the specific disease, the patient status,etc. A therapeutic dose is typically sufficient considerably to reducethe undesired cell population in the target tissue, while the viabilityof the patient is maintained. The treatment is generally continued untila considerable reduction has occurred, for example an at least about 50%reduction in the cell burden, and may be continued until essentially nomore undesired cells are detected in the body.

There are many diseases associated with deregulation of cellproliferation and cell death (apoptosis). The conditions of interestinclude, but are not limited to, the following. The compounds accordingto the invention are suitable for the treatment of various conditionswhere there is proliferation and/or migration of smooth muscle cellsand/or inflammatory cells into the intimal layer of a vessel, resultingin restricted blood flow through that vessel, for example in the case ofneointimal occlusive lesions. Occlusive graft vascular diseases ofinterest include atherosclerosis, coronary vascular disease aftergrafting, vein graft stenosis, perianastomatic prosthetic restenosis,restenosis after angioplasty or stent placement, and the like.

The invention also relates to the optically active forms(stereoisomers), salts, the enantiomers, the racemates, thediastereomers and the hydrates and solvates of these compounds. The termsolvates of the compounds is taken to mean adductions of inert solventmolecules onto the compounds which form owing to their mutual attractiveforce. Solvates are, for example, mono- or dihydrates or alkoxides.

The term pharmaceutically usable derivatives is taken to mean, forexample, the salts of the compounds according to the invention and alsoso-called prodrug compounds.

The term prodrug derivatives is taken to mean compounds of the formula Iwhich have been modified by means of, for example, alkyl or acyl groups,sugars or oligopeptides and which are rapidly cleaved in the organism toform the effective compounds according to the invention.

These also include biodegradable polymer derivatives of the compoundsaccording to the invention, as described, for example, in Int. J. Pharm.115, 61-67 (1995).

The expression “effective amount” denotes the amount of a medicament orof a pharmaceutical active ingredient which causes in a tissue, system,animal or human a biological or medical response which is sought ordesired, for example, by a researcher or physician.

In addition, the expression “therapeutically effective amount” denotesan amount which, compared with a corresponding subject who has notreceived this amount, has the following consequence:

improved treatment, healing, prevention or elimination of a disease,syndrome, condition, complaint, disorder or side effects or also thereduction in the advance of a disease, condition or disorder.

The expression “therapeutically effective amount” also encompasses theamounts which are effective for increasing normal physiologicalfunction.

The invention also relates to the use of mixtures of the compounds ofthe formula I, for example mixtures of two diastereomers, for example inthe ratio 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:10, 1:100 or 1:1000.

These are particularly preferably mixtures of stereoisomeric compounds.

The invention relates to the compounds of the formula I and saltsthereof and to a process for the preparation of compounds of the formulaI according to claims 1-13 and pharmaceutically usable derivatives,salts, solvates, tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, characterised inthat

a) a compound of the formula II

in which R² denotes an indole-protecting group,

R³, R⁴ and R⁵ have the meanings indicated in claim 1,

is reacted with a compound of the formula III

in which R¹ has the meaning indicated in claim 1,

and the indole-protecting group is simultaneously or subsequentlycleaved off,

or

b) a compound of the formula III is reacted with a compound of theformula IV

in which

R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ have the meanings indicated in claim 1,

or

c) in that they are liberated from one of their functional derivativesby treatment with a solvolysing or hydrogenolysing agent,

or

d) a radical R¹ and/or R² in a compound of the formula I is convertedinto another radical R¹ and/or R²

by

i) cleaving off an amino-protecting group,

and/or

ii) carrying out an alkylation,

and/or a base or acid of the formula I is converted into one of itssalts.

Above and below, the radicals R¹, R², R³, R⁴ and R⁵ have the meaningsindicated for the formula I, unless expressly indicated otherwise.

A, A′ each, independently of one another, denote alkyl, is unbranched(linear) or branched, and has 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 C atoms. Apreferably denotes methyl, furthermore ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl,isobutyl, sec-butyl or tert-butyl, furthermore also pentyl, 1-, 2- or3-methylbutyl, 1,1-, 1,2- or 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl,1-, 2-, 3- or 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-, 1,2-, 1,3-, 2,2-, 2,3- or3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1- or 2-ethylbutyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl,1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl, 1,1,2- or 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, furtherpreferably, for example, trifluoromethyl.

A very particularly preferably denotes alkyl having 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 Catoms, preferably methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl,sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethylor 1,1,1-trifluoroethyl.

One or two CH₂ groups in A may also be replaced by O or S atoms and/orby —CH═CH— groups. A thus also denotes, for example, 2-methoxyethyl.

Cycloalkyl preferably denotes cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,cyclohexyl or cycloheptyl.

A saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle having 5-14 C atomspreferably denotes cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, phenyl,naphthyl, biphenyl or tetrahydronaphthyl.

Ar denotes, for example, phenyl, o-, m- or p-tolyl, o-, m- orp-ethylphenyl, o-, m- or p-propylphenyl, o-, m- or p-isopropylphenyl,o-, m- or p-tert-butylphenyl, o-, m- or p-trifluoromethylphenyl, o-, m-or p-fluorophenyl, o-, m- or p-bromophenyl, o-, m- or p-chlorophenyl,o-, m- or p-hydroxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxyphenyl, o-, m- orp-methylsulfonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-nitrophenyl, o-, m- orp-aminophenyl, o-, m- or p-methylaminophenyl, o-, m- orp-dimethylaminophenyl, o-, m- or p-aminosulfonylphenyl, o-, m- orp-methylaminosulfonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-aminocarbonylphenyl, o-, m- orp-carboxyphenyl, o-, m- or p-methoxycarbonylphenyl, o-, m- orp-ethoxycarbonylphenyl, o-, m- or p-acetylphenyl, o-, m- orp-formylphenyl, o-, m- or p-cyanophenyl, further preferably 2,3-, 2,4-,2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-difluorophenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or3,5-dichlorophenyl, 2,3-, 2,4-, 2,5-, 2,6-, 3,4- or 3,5-dibromophenyl,2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,3,6-, 2,4,6- or 3,4,5-trichlorophenyl, p-iodophenyl,4-fluoro-3-chlorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4-bromophenyl,2,5-difluoro-4-bromophenyl or 2,5-dimethyl-4-chlorophenyl.

Ar preferably denotes a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocyclehaving 6-14 C atoms which is unsubstituted or mono-, di-, tri-tetra- orpentasubstituted by OH, OA, NH₂, NHA, NAA′, Hal and/or A.

Ar particularly preferably denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted ormono-, di- or trisubstituted by OH, OA, NH₂, NHA, NAA′, Hal and/or A.

Irrespective of further substitutions, Het denotes, for example, 2- or3-furyl, 2- or 3-thienyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2,4- or5-imidazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4- or 5-pyrazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-oxazolyl, 3-, 4- or5-isoxazolyl, 2-, 4- or 5-thiazolyl, 3-, 4- or 5-isothiazolyl, 2-, 3- or4-pyridyl, 2-, 4-, 5- or 6-pyrimidinyl, further-more preferably1,2,3-triazol-1-, -4- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-, -3- or 5-yl, 1- or5-tetrazolyl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- or -5-yl,1,3,4-thiadiazol-2- or -5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3- or -5-yl,1,2,3-thiadiazol-4- or -5-yl, 3- or 4-pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, 1-, 2-,3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indolyl, 4- or 5-isoindolyl, 1-, 2-, 4- or5-benzimidazolyl, 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indazolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-,6- or 7-benzopyrazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzoxazolyl, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-or 7-benzisoxazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benzothiazolyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-or 7-benzisothiazolyl, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-benz-2,1,3-oxadiazolyl, 2-, 3-,4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-quinolyl, 1-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-isoquinolyl,3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-cinnolinyl, 2-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-quinazolinyl, 5- or 6-quinoxalinyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-2H-benzo-1,4-oxazinyl, further preferably 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl,1,4-benzodioxan-6-yl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-4- or -5-yl or2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-yl.

The heterocyclic radicals may also be partially or fully hydrogenated.Unsubstituted Het can thus also denote, for example, 2,3-dihydro-2-,-3-, -4- or -5-furyl, 2,5-dihydro-2-, -3-, -4- or 5-furyl, tetrahydro-2-or -3-furyl, 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, tetrahydro-2- or -3-thienyl,2,3-dihydro-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-pyrrolyl, 2,5-dihydro-1-, -2-, -3-,-4- or -5-pyrrolyl, 1-, 2- or 3-pyrrolidinyl, tetrahydro-1-, -2- or-4-imidazolyl, 2,3-dihydro-1-, -2-, -3-, -4- or -5-pyrazolyl,tetrahydro-1-, -3- or -4-pyrazolyl, 1,4-dihydro-1-, -2-, -3- or-4-pyridyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5- or -6-pyridyl, 1-,2-, 3- or 4-piperidinyl, 2-, 3- or 4-morpholinyl, tetrahydro-2-, -3- or-4-pyranyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 1,3-dioxan-2-, -4- or -5-yl, hexahydro-1-, -3-or -4-pyridazinyl, hexahydro-1-, -2-, -4- or -5-pyrimidinyl, 1-, 2- or3-piperazinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or-8-quinolyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-, -2-, -3-, -4-, -5-, -6-, -7- or-8-isoquinolyl, 2-, 3-, 5-, 6-, 7- or8-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo-1,4-oxazinyl, further preferably2,3-methylenedioxyphenyl, 3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl,2,3-ethylenedioxyphenyl, 3,4-ethylenedioxyphenyl,3,4-(difluoro-methylenedioxy)phenyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5- or 6-yl,2,3-(2-oxo-methylenedioxy)phenyl or also3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-6- or -7-yl, furthermore preferably2,3-dihydrobenzofuranyl or 2,3-dihydro-2-oxo-furanyl.

Het particularly preferably denotes an unsubstituted mono- or bicyclicaromatic heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and/or S atoms.

Het particularly preferably denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl,pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl,indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- ordisubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A; very particularly preferablyfuryl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl.

R¹ preferably denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het.

R² preferably denotes H.

R³ preferably denotes H or A.

R⁴ preferably denotes H.

R⁵ preferably denotes H.

R⁶ preferably denotes H.

Hal preferably denotes F, Cl or Br, but also I, particularly preferablyF or Cl.

Throughout the invention, all radicals which occur more than once may beidentical or different, i.e. are independent of one another.

The compounds of the formula I may have one or more chiral centres andcan therefore occur in various stereoisomeric forms. The formula Iencompasses all these forms.

Accordingly, the invention relates, in particular, to the compounds ofthe formula I in which at least one of the said radicals has one of thepreferred meanings indicated above. Some preferred groups of compoundsmay be expressed by the following sub-formulae Ia to Ik, which conformto the formula I and in which the radicals not designated in greaterdetail have the meaning indicated for the formula I, but in which

-   in Ia R¹ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het;-   in Ib R² denotes H;-   in Ic R³ denotes H or A;-   in Id R⁴ denotes H;-   in Ie R⁵ denotes H;-   in If Ar denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or    trisubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A;-   in Ig A denotes unbranched or branched alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, in    which 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F;-   in Ih Het denotes an unsubstituted mono- or bicyclic aromatic    heterocycle having 1 to 4 N, O and/or S atoms;-   in Ii Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,    oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl,    tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl,    isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or    1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or    disubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A;    -   in Ij Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl,        pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl or        pyrimidinyl;-   in Ik R¹ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het,    -   R² denotes H,    -   R³ denotes H or A,    -   R⁴ denotes H,    -   R⁵ denotes H,    -   R⁶ denotes H or alkyl having 1-6 C atoms,    -   A, A′ each, independently of one another, denote unbranched or        branched alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, in which 1-7 H atoms may be        replaced by F,    -   Ar denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or        trisubstituted by OH, OA, NH₂, NHA, NAA′, Hal and/or A,    -   Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl,        oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl,        triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl,        indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or        1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- or        disubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A;        and pharmaceutically usable derivatives, salts, solvates,        tautomers and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof        in all ratios.

The compounds of the formula I and also the starting materials for theirpreparation are, in addition, prepared by methods known per se, asdescribed in the literature (for example in the standard works, such asHouben-Weyl, Methoden der organischen Chemie [Methods of OrganicChemistry], Georg-Thieme-Verlag, Stuttgart), to be precise underreaction conditions which are known and suitable for the said reactions.Use can also be made here of variants known per se which are notmentioned here in greater detail.

Compounds of the formula I can preferably be obtained by reactingcompounds of the formula II and with compounds of the formula III.

The compounds of the formula II and of the formula III are generallyknown. If they are novel, however, they can be prepared by methods knownper se.

The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent and is generally carriedout in the presence of an acid-binding agent, preferably an organicbase, such as DIPEA, triethylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine orquinoline.

The addition of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, carbonateor bicarbonate or another salt of a weak acid of the alkali oralkaline-earth metals, preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium orcaesium, may also be favourable.

Depending on the conditions used, the reaction time is between a fewminutes and 14 days, the reaction temperature is between about −15° and150°, normally between 40° and 130°, particularly preferably between 60°and 110° C.

Suitable inert solvents are, for example, hydrocarbons, such as hexane,petroleum ether, benzene, toluene or xylene; chlorinated hydrocarbons,such as trichloroethylene, 1,2-dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride,chloroform or dichloromethane; alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol,isopropanol, n-propanol, n-butanol or tert-butanol; ethers, such asdiethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran (THF) or dioxane;glycol ethers, such as ethylene glycol monomethyl or monoethyl ether,ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (diglyme); ketones, such as acetone orbutanone; amides, such as acetamide, dimethylacetamide ordimethylformamide (DMF); nitriles, such as acetonitrile; sulfoxides,such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); carbon disulfide; carboxylic acids,such as formic acid or acetic acid; nitro compounds, such asnitromethane or nitrobenzene; esters, such as ethyl acetate, or mixturesof the said solvents.

Particular preference is given to glycol ethers, THF, dichloromethaneand/or DMF.

Preferred indole-protecting groups are, for example, sulfonyl-protectinggroups, such as tosyl or mesyl, furthermore protecting groups such as,for example, BOC.

Compounds of the formula I can furthermore be obtained by reactingcompounds of the formula III with compounds of the formula IV.

The compounds of the formula IV are generally known. If they are novel,however, they can be prepared by methods known per se.

The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent and is generally carriedout in the presence of an acid-binding agent, preferably an organicbase, such as DIPEA, triethylamine, dimethylaniline, pyridine orquinoline.

The addition of an alkali or alkaline-earth metal hydroxide, carbonateor bicarbonate or another salt of a weak acid of the alkali oralkaline-earth metals, preferably of potassium, sodium, calcium orcaesium, may also be favourable.

Depending on the conditions used, the reaction time is between a fewminutes and 14 days, the reaction temperature is between about −15° and150°, normally between 40° and 120°, particularly preferably between 60°and 110° C.

Suitable inert solvents are those mentioned above.

The cleavage of an ether is carried out by methods as are known to theperson skilled in the art.

A standard method of ether cleavage, for example of a methyl ether, isthe use of boron tribromide.

Hydrogenolytically removable groups, for example the cleavage of abenzyl ether, can be cleaved off, for example, by treatment withhydrogen in the presence of a catalyst (for example a noble-metalcatalyst, such as palladium, advantageously on a support, such ascarbon). Suitable solvents here are those indicated above, inparticular, for example, alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, oramides, such as DMF. The hydrogenolysis is generally carried out attemperatures between about 0 and 100° and pressures between about 1 and200 bar, preferably at 20-30° and 1-10 bar.

Esters can be saponified, for example, using acetic acid or using NaOHor KOH in water, water/THF or water/dioxane, at temperatures between 0and 100°.

Alkylations on the nitrogen are carried out under standard conditions,as are known to the person skilled in the art.

The compounds of the formulae I can furthermore be obtained byliberating them from their functional derivatives by solvolysis, inparticular hydrolysis, or by hydrogenolysis.

Preferred starting materials for the solvolysis or hydrogenolysis arethose which contain corresponding protected amino and/or hydroxyl groupsinstead of one or more free amino and/or hydroxyl groups, preferablythose which carry an amino-protecting group instead of an H atom bondedto an N atom, for example those which conform to the formula I, butcontain an NHR′ group (in which R′ denotes an amino-protecting group,for example BOC or CBZ) instead of an NH₂ group.

Preference is furthermore given to starting materials which carry ahydroxyl-protecting group instead of the H atom of a hydroxyl group, forexample those which conform to the formula I, but contain an R″O-phenylgroup (in which R″ denotes a hydroxyl-protecting group) instead of ahydroxyphenyl group.

It is also possible for a plurality of—identical or different—protectedamino and/or hydroxyl groups to be present in the molecule of thestarting material. If the protecting groups present are different fromone another, they can in many cases be cleaved off selectively.

The expression “amino-protecting group” is known in general terms andrelates to groups which are suitable for protecting (blocking) an aminogroup against chemical reactions, but are easy to remove after thedesired chemical reaction has been carried out elsewhere in themolecule. Typical of such groups are, in particular, unsubstituted orsubstituted acyl, aryl, aralkoxymethyl or aralkyl groups. Since theamino-protecting groups are removed after the desired reaction (orreaction sequence), their type and size is furthermore not crucial;however, preference is given to those having 1-20, in particular 1-8, Catoms. The expression “acyl group” is to be understood in the broadestsense in connection with the present process. It includes acyl groupsderived from aliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic carboxylicacids or sulfonic acids, and, in particular, alkoxycarbonyl,aryloxycarbonyl and especially aralkoxycarbonyl groups. Examples of suchacyl groups are alkanoyl, such as acetyl, propionyl, butyryl;aralkanoyl, such as phenylacetyl; aroyl, such as benzoyl, tolyl;aryloxy-alkanoyl, such as POA; alkoxycarbonyl, such as methoxycarbonyl,ethoxycarbonyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethoxycarbonyl, BOC,2-iodoethoxycarbonyl; aralkoxycarbonyl, such as CBZ (“carbobenzoxy”),4-methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, FMOC; arylsulfonyl, such as Mtr, Pbf, Pmc.Preferred amino-protecting groups are BOC and Mtr, furthermore CBZ,Fmoc, benzyl and acetyl.

The expression “hydroxyl-protecting group” is likewise known in generalterms and relates to groups which are suitable for protecting a hydroxylgroup against chemical reactions, but are easy to remove after thedesired chemical reaction has been carried out elsewhere in themolecule. Typical of such groups are the above-mentioned unsubstitutedor substituted aryl, aralkyl or acyl groups, furthermore also alkylgroups. The nature and size of the hydroxyl-protecting groups is notcrucial since they are removed again after the desired chemical reactionor reaction sequence; preference is given to groups having 1-20, inparticular 1-10, C atoms. Examples of hydroxyl-protecting groups are,inter alia, tert-butoxycarbonyl, benzyl, p-nitrobenzoyl,p-toluenesulfonyl, tert-butyl and acetyl, where benzyl and tert-butylare particularly preferred. The COOH groups in aspartic acid andglutamic acid are preferably protected in the form of their tert-butylesters (for example Asp(OBut)).

The compounds of the formula I are liberated from their functionalderivatives—depending on the protecting group used—for example usingstrong acids, advantageously using TFA or perchloric acid, but alsousing other strong inorganic acids, such as hydrochloric acid orsulfuric acid, strong organic carboxylic acids, such as trichloroaceticacid, or sulfonic acids, such as benzene- or p-toluenesulfonic acid. Thepresence of an additional inert solvent is possible, but is not alwaysnecessary. Suitable inert solvents are preferably organic, for examplecarboxylic acids, such as acetic acid, ethers, such as tetrahydrofuranor dioxane, amides, such as DMF, halogenated hydrocarbons, such asdichloromethane, furthermore also alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol orisopropanol, and water. Mixtures of the above-mentioned solvents arefurthermore suitable. TFA is preferably used in excess without additionof a further solvent, perchloric acid is preferably used in the form ofa mixture of acetic acid and 70% perchloric acid in the ratio 9:1. Thereaction temperatures for the cleavage are advantageously between about0 and about 50°, preferably between 15 and 30° (room temperature).

The BOC, OBut, Pbf, Pmc and Mtr groups can, for example, preferably becleaved off using TFA in dichloromethane or using approximately 3 to 5 NHCl in dioxane at 15-30°, the FMOC group can be cleaved off using anapproximately 5 to 50% solution of dimethylamine, diethylamine orpiperidine in DMF at 15-30°.

Hydrogenolytically removable protecting groups (for example CBZ orbenzyl) can be cleaved off, for example, by treatment with hydrogen inthe presence of a catalyst (for example a noble-metal catalyst, such aspalladium, advantageously on a support, such as carbon). Suitablesolvents here are those indicated above, in particular, for example,alcohols, such as methanol or ethanol, or amides, such as DMF. Thehydrogenolysis is generally carried out at temperatures between about 0and 100° and pressures between about 1 and 200 bar, preferably at 20-30°and 1-10 bar. Hydrogenolysis of the CBZ group succeeds well, forexample, on 5 to 10% Pd/C in methanol or using ammonium formate (insteadof hydrogen) on Pd/C in methanol/DMF at 20-30°.

Pharmaceutical Salts and Other Forms

The said compounds according to the invention can be used in their finalnon-salt form. On the other hand, the present invention also encompassesthe use of these compounds in the form of their pharmaceuticallyacceptable salts, which can be derived from various organic andinorganic acids and bases by procedures known in the art.Pharmaceutically acceptable salt forms of the compounds of the formula Iare for the most part prepared by conventional methods. If the compoundof the formula I contains a carboxyl group, one of its suitable saltscan be formed by reacting the compound with a suitable base to give thecorresponding base-addition salt. Such bases are, for example, alkalimetal hydroxides, including potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide andlithium hydroxide; alkaline-earth metal hydroxides, such as bariumhydroxide and calcium hydroxide; alkali metal alkoxides, for examplepotassium ethoxide and sodium propoxide; and various organic bases, suchas piperidine, diethanolamine and N-methylglutamine. The aluminium saltsof the compounds of the formula I are likewise included. In the case ofcertain compounds of the formula I, acid-addition salts can be formed bytreating these compounds with pharmaceutically acceptable organic andinorganic acids, for example hydrogen halides, such as hydrogenchloride, hydrogen bromide or hydrogen iodide, other mineral acids andcorresponding salts thereof, such as sulfate, nitrate or phosphate andthe like, and alkyl- and monoarylsulfonates, such as ethanesulfonate,toluenesulfonate and benzenesulfonate, and other organic acids andcorresponding salts thereof, such as acetate, trifluoroacetate,tartrate, maleate, succinate, citrate, benzoate, salicylate, ascorbateand the like. Accordingly, pharmaceutically acceptable acid-additionsalts of the compounds of the formula I include the following: acetate,adipate, alginate, arginate, aspartate, benzoate, benzenesulfonate(besylate), bisulfate, bisulfite, bromide, butyrate, camphorate,camphorsulfonate, caprylate, chloride, chlorobenzoate, citrate,cyclopentanepropionate, digluconate, dihydrogenphosphate,dinitrobenzoate, dodecylsulfate, ethanesulfonate, fumarate, galacterate(from mucic acid), galacturonate, glucoheptanoate, gluconate, glutamate,glycerophosphate, hemisuccinate, hemisulfate, heptanoate, hexanoate,hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide,2-hydroxyethanesulfonate, iodide, isethionate, isobutyrate, lactate,lactobionate, malate, maleate, malonate, mandelate, metaphosphate,methanesulfonate, methylbenzoate, monohydrogenphosphate,2-naphthalenesulfonate, nicotinate, nitrate, oxalate, oleate, palmoate,pectinate, persulfate, phenylacetate, 3-phenylpropionate, phosphate,phosphonate, phthalate, but this does not represent a restriction.

Furthermore, the base salts of the compounds according to the inventioninclude aluminium, ammonium, calcium, copper, iron(III), iron(II),lithium, magnesium, manganese(III), manganese(II), potassium, sodium andzinc salts, but this is not intended to represent a restriction. Of theabove-mentioned salts, preference is given to ammonium; the alkali metalsalts sodium and potassium, and the alkaline-earth metal salts calciumand magnesium. Salts of the compounds of the formula I which are derivedfrom pharmaceutically acceptable organic non-toxic bases include saltsof primary, secondary and tertiary amines, substituted amines, alsoincluding naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines, andbasic ion exchanger resins, for example arginine, betaine, caffeine,chloroprocaine, choline, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine (benzathine),dicyclohexylamine, diethanolamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol,2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine,N-ethylmorpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine,hydrabamine, isopropylamine, lidocaine, lysine, meglumine,N-methyl-D-glucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamineresins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethanolamine, triethylamine,trimethylamine, tripropylamine and tris(hydroxymethyl)methylamine(tromethamine), but this is not intended to represent a restriction.

Compounds of the present invention which contain basicnitrogen-containing groups can be quaternised using agents such as(C₁-C₄)alkyl halides, for example methyl, ethyl, isopropyl andtert-butyl chloride, bromide and iodide; di(C₁-C₄)alkyl sulfates, forexample dimethyl, diethyl and diamyl sulfate; (C₁₀-C₁₈)alkyl halides,for example decyl, dodecyl, lauryl, myristyl and stearyl chloride,bromide and iodide; and aryl(C₁-C₄)-alkyl halides, for example benzylchloride and phenethyl bromide. Both water- and oil-soluble compoundsaccording to the invention can be prepared using such salts.

The above-mentioned pharmaceutical salts which are preferred includeacetate, trifluoroacetate, besylate, citrate, fumarate, gluconate,hemisuccinate, hippurate, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, isethionate,mandelate, meglumine, nitrate, oleate, phosphonate, pivalate, sodiumphosphate, stearate, sulfate, sulfosalicylate, tartrate, thiomalate,tosylate and tromethamine, but this is not intended to represent arestriction.

The acid-addition salts of basic compounds of the formula I are preparedby bringing the free base form into contact with a sufficient amount ofthe desired acid, causing the formation of the salt in a conventionalmanner. The free base can be regenerated by bringing the salt form intocontact with a base and isolating the free base in a conventionalmanner. The free base forms differ in a certain respect from thecorresponding salt forms thereof with respect to certain physicalproperties, such as solubility in polar solvents; for the purposes ofthe invention, however, the salts otherwise correspond to the respectivefree base forms thereof.

As mentioned, the pharmaceutically acceptable base-addition salts of thecompounds of the formula I are formed with metals or amines, such asalkali metals and alkaline-earth metals or organic amines. Preferredmetals are sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. Preferred organicamines are N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine, chloroprocaine, choline,diethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-methyl-D-glucamine and procaine.

The base-addition salts of acidic compounds according to the inventionare prepared by bringing the free acid form into contact with asufficient amount of the desired base, causing the formation of the saltin a conventional manner. The free acid can be regenerated by bringingthe salt form into contact with an acid and isolating the free acid in aconventional manner. The free acid forms differ in a certain respectfrom the corresponding salt forms thereof with respect to certainphysical properties, such as solubility in polar solvents; for thepurposes of the invention, however, the salts otherwise correspond tothe respective free acid forms thereof.

If a compound according to the invention contains more than one groupwhich is capable of forming pharmaceutically acceptable salts of thistype, the invention also encompasses multiple salts. Typical multiplesalt forms include, for example, bitartrate, diacetate, difumarate,dimeglumine, diphosphate, disodium and trihydrochloride, but this is notintended to represent a restriction.

With regard to that stated above, it can be seen that the expression“pharmaceutically acceptable salt” in the present connection is taken tomean an active ingredient which comprises a compound of the formula I inthe form of one of its salts, in particular if this salt form impartsimproved pharmacokinetic properties on the active ingredient comparedwith the free form of the active ingredient or any other salt form ofthe active ingredient used earlier. The pharmaceutically acceptable saltform of the active ingredient can also provide this active ingredientfor the first time with a desired pharmacokinetic property which it didnot have earlier and can even have a positive influence on thepharmacodynamics of this active ingredient with respect to itstherapeutic efficacy in the body.

The invention furthermore relates to medicaments comprising at least onecompound of the formula I and/or pharmaceutically usable derivatives,solvates and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in allratios, and optionally excipients and/or adjuvants.

Pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in the form of dosageunits which comprise a predetermined amount of active ingredient perdosage unit. Such a unit can comprise, for example, 0.5 mg to 1 g,preferably 1 mg to 700 mg, particularly preferably 5 mg to 100 mg, of acompound according to the invention, depending on the condition treated,the method of administration and the age, weight and condition of thepatient, or pharmaceutical formulations can be administered in the formof dosage units which comprise a predetermined amount of activeingredient per dosage unit. Preferred dosage unit formulations are thosewhich comprise a daily dose or part-dose, as indicated above, or acorresponding fraction thereof of an active ingredient. Furthermore,pharmaceutical formulations of this type can be prepared using a processwhich is generally known in the pharmaceutical art.

Pharmaceutical formulations can be adapted for administration via anydesired suitable method, for example by oral (including buccal orsublingual), rectal, nasal, topical (including buccal, sublingual ortransdermal), vaginal or parenteral (including subcutaneous,intramuscular, intravenous or intradermal) methods. Such formulationscan be prepared using all processes known in the pharmaceutical art by,for example, combining the active ingredient with the excipient(s) oradjuvant(s).

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for oral administration can beadministered as separate units, such as, for example, capsules ortablets; powders or granules; solutions or suspensions in aqueous ornon-aqueous liquids; edible foams or foam foods; or oil-in-water liquidemulsions or water-in-oil liquid emulsions.

Thus, for example, in the case of oral administration in the form of atablet or capsule, the active-ingredient component can be combined withan oral, non-toxic and pharmaceutically acceptable inert excipient, suchas, for example, ethanol, glycerol, water and the like. Powders areprepared by comminuting the compound to a suitable fine size and mixingit with a pharmaceutical excipient comminuted in a similar manner, suchas, for example, an edible carbohydrate, such as, for example, starch ormannitol. A flavour, preservative, dispersant and dye may likewise bepresent.

Capsules are produced by preparing a powder mixture as described aboveand filling shaped gelatine shells therewith. Glidants and lubricants,such as, for example, highly disperse silicic acid, talc, magnesiumstearate, calcium stearate or polyethylene glycol in solid form, can beadded to the powder mixture before the filling operation. A disintegrantor solubiliser, such as, for example, agar-agar, calcium carbonate orsodium carbonate, can likewise be added in order to improve theavailability of the medicament after the capsule has been taken.

In addition, if desired or necessary, suitable binders, lubricants anddisintegrants as well as dyes can likewise be incorporated into themixture. Suitable binders include starch, gelatine, natural sugars, suchas, for example, glucose or beta-lactose, sweeteners made from maize,natural and synthetic rubber, such as, for example, acacia, tragacanthor sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose, polyethylene glycol, waxes,and the like. The lubricants used in these dosage forms include sodiumoleate, sodium stearate, magnesium stearate, sodium benzoate, sodiumacetate, sodium chloride and the like. The disintegrants include,without being restricted thereto, starch, methylcellulose, agar,bentonite, xanthan gum and the like. The tablets are formulated by, forexample, preparing a powder mixture, granulating or dry-pressing themixture, adding a lubricant and a disintegrant and pressing the entiremixture to give tablets. A powder mixture is prepared by mixing thecompound comminuted in a suitable manner with a diluent or a base, asdescribed above, and optionally with a binder, such as, for example,carboxymethylcellulose, an alginate, gelatine or polyvinylpyrrolidone, adissolution retardant, such as, for example, paraffin, an absorptionaccelerator, such as, for example, a quaternary salt, and/or anabsorbant, such as, for example, bentonite, kaolin or dicalciumphosphate. The powder mixture can be granulated by wetting it with abinder, such as, for example, syrup, starch paste, acadia mucilage orsolutions of cellulose or polymer materials and pressing it through asieve. As an alternative to granulation, the powder mixture can be runthrough a tableting machine, giving lumps of non-uniform shape, whichare broken up to form granules. The granules can be lubricated byaddition of stearic acid, a stearate salt, talc or mineral oil in orderto prevent sticking to the tablet casting moulds. The lubricated mixtureis then pressed to give tablets. The compounds according to theinvention can also be combined with a free-flowing inert excipient andthen pressed directly to give tablets without carrying out thegranulation or dry-pressing steps. A transparent or opaque protectivelayer consisting of a shellac sealing layer, a layer of sugar or polymermaterial and a gloss layer of wax may be present. Dyes can be added tothese coatings in order to be able to differentiate between differentdosage units.

Oral liquids, such as, for example, solution, syrups and elixirs, can beprepared in the form of dosage units so that a given quantity comprisesa pre-specified amount of the compound. Syrups can be prepared bydissolving the compound in an aqueous solution with a suitable flavour,while elixirs are prepared using a non-toxic alcoholic vehicle.Suspensions can be formulated by dispersion of the compound in anon-toxic vehicle. Solubilisers and emulsifiers, such as, for example,ethoxylated isostearyl alcohols and polyoxyethylene sorbitol ethers,preservatives, flavour additives, such as, for example, peppermint oilor natural sweeteners or saccharin, or other artificial sweeteners andthe like, can likewise be added.

The dosage unit formulations for oral administration can, if desired, beencapsulated in microcapsules. The formulation can also be prepared insuch a way that the release is extended or retarded, such as, forexample, by coating or embedding of particulate material in polymers,wax and the like.

The compounds of the formula I and salts, solvates and physiologicallyfunctional derivatives thereof can also be administered in the form ofliposome delivery systems, such as, for example, small unilamellarvesicles, large unilamellar vesicles and multilamellar vesicles.Liposomes can be formed from various phospholipids, such as, forexample, cholesterol, stearylamine or phosphatidylcholines.

The compounds of the formula I and the salts, solvates andphysiologically functional derivatives thereof can also be deliveredusing monoclonal anti-bodies as individual carriers to which thecompound molecules are coupled. The compounds can also be coupled tosoluble polymers as targeted medicament carriers. Such polymers mayencompass polyvinylpyrrolidone, pyran copolymer,polyhydroxypropylmethacrylamidophenol, polyhydroxyethylaspartamidophenolor polyethylene oxide polylysine, substituted by palmitoyl radicals. Thecompounds may furthermore be coupled to a class of biodegradablepolymers which are suitable for achieving controlled release of amedicament, for example polylactic acid, poly-epsilon-caprolactone,polyhydroxybutyric acid, polyorthoesters, polyacetals,polydihydroxypyrans, polycyanoacrylates and crosslinked or amphipathicblock copolymers of hydrogels.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for transdermal administration canbe administered as independent plasters for extended, close contact withthe epidermis of the recipient. Thus, for example, the active ingredientcan be delivered from the plaster by iontophoresis, as described ingeneral terms in Pharmaceutical Research, 3(6), 318 (1986).

Pharmaceutical compounds adapted for topical administration can beformulated as ointments, creams, suspensions, lotions, powders,solutions, pastes, gels, sprays, aerosols or oils.

For the treatment of the eye or other external tissue, for example mouthand skin, the formulations are preferably applied as topical ointment orcream. In the case of formulation to give an ointment, the activeingredient can be employed either with a paraffinic or a water-misciblecream base. Alternatively, the active ingredient can be formulated togive a cream with an oil-in-water cream base or a water-in-oil base.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical application to the eyeinclude eye drops, in which the active ingredient is dissolved orsuspended in a suitable carrier, in particular an aqueous solvent.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for topical application in the mouthencompass lozenges, pastilles and mouthwashes.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for rectal administration can beadministered in the form of suppositories or enemas.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for nasal administration in whichthe carrier substance is a solid comprise a coarse powder having aparticle size, for example, in the range 20-500 microns, which isadministered in the manner in which snuff is taken, i.e. by rapidinhalation via the nasal passages from a container containing the powderheld close to the nose. Suitable formulations for administration asnasal spray or nose drops with a liquid as carrier substance encompassactive-ingredient solutions in water or oil.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for administration by inhalationencompass finely particulate dusts or mists, which can be generated byvarious types of pressurised dispensers with aerosols, nebulisers orinsufflators.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for vaginal administration can beadministered as pessaries, tampons, creams, gels, pastes, foams or sprayformulations.

Pharmaceutical formulations adapted for parenteral administrationinclude aqueous and non-aqueous sterile injection solutions comprisingantioxidants, buffers, bacteriostatics and solutes, by means of whichthe formulation is rendered isotonic with the blood of the recipient tobe treated; and aqueous and non-aqueous sterile suspensions, which maycomprise suspension media and thickeners. The formulations can beadministered in single-dose or multidose containers, for example sealedampoules and vials, and stored in freeze-dried (lyophilised) state, sothat only the addition of the sterile carrier liquid, for example waterfor injection purposes, immediately before use is necessary. Injectionsolutions and suspensions prepared in accordance with the recipe can beprepared from sterile powders, granules and tablets.

It goes without saying that, in addition to the above particularlymentioned constituents, the formulations may also comprise other agentsusual in the art with respect to the particular type of formulation;thus, for example, formulations which are suitable for oraladministration may comprise flavours.

A therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the formula Idepends on a number of factors, including, for example, the age andweight of the animal, the precise condition that requires treatment, andits severity, the nature of the formulation and the method ofadministration, and is ultimately determined by the treating doctor orvet. However, an effective amount of a compound according to theinvention for the treatment of neoplastic growth, for example colon orbreast carcinoma, is generally in the range from 0.1 to 100 mg/kg ofbody weight of the recipient (mammal) per day and particularly typicallyin the range from 1 to 10 mg/kg of body weight per day. Thus, the actualamount per day for an adult mammal weighing 70 kg is usually between 70and 700 mg, where this amount can be administered as a single dose perday or usually in a series of part-doses (such as, for example, two,three, four, five or six) per day, so that the total daily dose is thesame. An effective amount of a salt or solvate or of a physiologicallyfunctional derivative thereof can be determined as the fraction of theeffective amount of the compound according to the invention per se. Itcan be assumed that similar doses are suitable for the treatment ofother conditions mentioned above.

The invention furthermore relates to medicaments comprising at least onecompound of the formula I and/or pharmaceutically usable derivatives,solvates and stereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in allratios, and at least one further medicament active ingredient.

The invention also relates to a set (kit) consisting of separate packsof

-   (a) an effective amount of a compound of the formula I and/or    pharmaceutically usable derivatives, solvates and stereoisomers    thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios, and-   (b) an effective amount of a further medicament active ingredient.

The set comprises suitable containers, such as boxes, individualbottles, bags or ampoules. The set may, for example, comprise separateampoules, each containing an effective amount of a compound of theformula I and/or pharmaceutically usable derivatives, solvates andstereoisomers thereof, including mixtures thereof in all ratios,

and an effective amount of a further medicament active ingredient indissolved or lyophilised form.

Use

The present compounds are suitable as pharmaceutical active ingredientsfor mammals, especially for humans, in the treatment and control ofcancer diseases.

The present invention encompasses the use of the compounds of theformula I and/or physiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereoffor the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prevention ofcancer. Preferred carcinomas for the treatment originate from the groupcerebral carcinoma, urogenital tract carcinoma, carcinoma of thelymphatic system, stomach carcinoma, laryngeal carcinoma and lungcarcinoma bowel cancer. A further group of preferred forms of cancer aremonocytic leukaemia, lung adenocarcinoma, small-cell lung carcinomas,pancreatic cancer, glioblastomas and breast carcinoma.

Also encompassed is the use of the compounds of the formula I and/orphysiologically acceptable salts and solvates thereof for thepreparation of a medicament for the treatment and/or control of atumour-induced disease in a mammal, in which to this method atherapeutically effective amount of a compound according to theinvention is administered to a sick mammal in need of such treatment.The therapeutic amount varies according to the particular disease andcan be determined by the person skilled in the art without undue effort.

Particular preference is given to the use for the treatment of adisease, where the disease is a solid tumour.

The solid tumour is preferably selected from the group of tumours of thesquamous epithelium, the bladder, the stomach, the kidneys, of head andneck, the oesophagus, the cervix, the thyroid, the intestine, the liver,the brain, the prostate, the urogenital tract, the lymphatic system, thestomach, the larynx and/or the lung.

The solid tumour is furthermore preferably selected from the group lungadenocarcinoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, pancreatic cancer,glioblastomas, colon carcinoma and breast carcinoma.

Preference is furthermore given to the use for the treatment of a tumourof the blood and immune system, preferably for the treatment of a tumourselected from the group of acute myeloid leukaemia, chronic myeloidleukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia and/or chronic lymphatic leukaemia.

The invention furthermore relates to the use of the compounds accordingto the invention for the treatment of bone pathologies, where the bonepathology originates from the group osteosarcoma, osteoarthritis andrickets.

The compounds of the formula I may also be administered at the same timeas other well-known therapeutic agents that are selected for theirparticular usefulness against the condition that is being treated.

The present compounds are also suitable for combination with knownanti-cancer agents. These known anti-cancer agents include thefollowing: oestrogen receptor modulators, androgen receptor modulators,retinoid receptor modulators, cytotoxic agents, antiproliferativeagents, prenyl-protein transferase inhibitors, HMG-CoA reductaseinhibitors, HIV protease inhibitors, reverse transcriptase inhibitorsand further angiogenesis inhibitors. The present compounds areparticularly suitable for administration at the same time asradiotherapy.

“Oestrogen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere withor inhibit the binding of oestrogen to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of oestrogen receptor modulators include, but arenot limited to, tamoxifen, raloxifene, idoxifene, LY353381, LY 117081,toremifene, fulvestrant,4-[7-(2,2-dimethyl-1-oxopropoxy-4-methyl-2-[4-[2-(1-piperidinyl)ethoxy]phenyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-3-yl]phenyl2,2-dimethylpropanoate,4,4′-dihydroxybenzophenone-2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and SH646.

“Androgen receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere withor inhibit the binding of androgens to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of androgen receptor modulators include finasterideand other 5α-reductase inhibitors, nilutamide, flutamide, bicalutamide,liarozole and abiraterone acetate.

“Retinoid receptor modulators” refers to compounds which interfere withor inhibit the binding of retinoids to the receptor, regardless ofmechanism. Examples of such retinoid receptor modulators includebexarotene, tretinoin, 13-cis-retinoic acid, 9-cis-retinoic acid,α-difluoromethylornithine, ILX23-7553,trans-N-(4′-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide and N-4-carboxyphenylretinamide.

“Cytotoxic agents” refers to compounds which result in cell deathprimarily through direct action on the cellular function or inhibit orinterfere with cell myosis, including alkylating agents, tumour necrosisfactors, intercalators, microtubulin inhibitors and topoisomeraseinhibitors.

Examples of cytotoxic agents include, but are not limited to,tirapazimine, sertenef, cachectin, ifosfamide, tasonermin, lonidamine,carboplatin, altretamine, prednimustine, dibromodulcitol, ranimustine,fotemustine, neda-platin, oxaliplatin, temozolomide, heptaplatin,estramustine, improsulfan tosylate, trofosfamide, nimustine,dibrospidium chloride, pumitepa, loba-platin, satraplatin, profiromycin,cisplatin, irofulven, dexifosfamide,cis-aminedichloro(2-methylpyridine)platinum, benzylguanine,glufosfamide, GPX100,(trans,trans,trans)bis-mu-(hexane-1,6-diamine)-mu-[diamine-platinum(II)]bis[diamine(chloro)platinum(II)]tetrachloride,diarisidinylspermine, arsenic trioxide,1-(11-dodecylamino-10-hydroxyundecyl)-3,7-dimethylxanthine, zorubicin,idarubicin, daunorubicin, bisantrene, mitoxantrone, pirarubicin,pinafide, valrubicin, amrubicin, antineoplaston,3′-deamino-3′-morpholino-13-deoxo-10-hydroxycaminomycin, annamycin,galarubicin, elinafide, MEN10755 and4-demethoxy-3-deamino-3-aziridinyl-4-methylsulfonyldaunorubicin (see WO00/50032).

Examples of microtubulin inhibitors include paclitaxel, vindesinesulfate, 3′,4′-didehydro-4′-deoxy-8′-norvincaleukoblastine, docetaxol,rhizoxin, dolastatin, mivobulin isethionate, auristatin, cemadotin,RPR109881, BMS184476, vinflunine, cryptophycin,2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoro-N-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide,anhydrovinblastine,N,N-dimethyl-L-valyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-proline-t-butylamide,TDX258 and BMS188797.

Topoisomerase inhibitors are, for example, topotecan, hycaptamine,irinotecan, rubitecan,6-ethoxypropionyl-3′,4′-O-exobenzylidenechartreusin,9-methoxy-N,N-dimethyl-5-nitropyrazolo[3,4,5-kl]acridine-2-(6H)propanamine,1-amino-9-ethyl-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-1H,12H-benzo[de]pyrano[3′,4′:b,7]indolizino[1,2b]quinoline-10,13(9H,15H)-dione,lurtotecan, 7-[2-(N-isopropylamino)ethyl]-(20S)camptothecin, BNP1350,BNPI1100, BN80915, BN80942, etoposide phosphate, teniposide, sobuzoxane,2′-dimethylamino-2′-deoxyetoposide, GL331,N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-9-hydroxy-5,6-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole-1-carboxamide,asulacrine,(5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylamino]ethyl]-5-[4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-hexo-hydrofuro(3′,4′:6,7)naphtho(2,3-d)-1,3-dioxol-6-one,2,3-(methylenedioxy)-5-methyl-7-hydroxy-8-methoxybenzo[c]phenanthridinium,6,9-bis[(2-aminoethyl)amino]benzo[g]isoquinoline-5,10-dione,5-(3-aminopropylamino)-7,10-dihydroxy-2-(2-hydroxyethylaminomethyl)-6H-pyrazolo[4,5,1-de]-acridin-6-one,N-[1-[2(diethylamino)ethylamino]-7-methoxy-9-oxo-9H-thioxanthen-4-ylmethyl]formamide,N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl)acridine-4-carboxamide,6-[[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-7H-indeno[2,1-c]-quinolin-7-oneand dimesna.

“Antiproliferative agents” include antisense RNA and DNAoligonucleotides such as G3139, ODN698, RVASKRAS, GEM231 and INX3001 andanti-metabolites such as enocitabine, carmofur, tegafur, pentostatin,doxifluridine, trimetrexate, fludarabine, capecitabine, galocitabine,cytarabine ocfosfate, fosteabine sodium hydrate, raltitrexed,paltitrexid, emitefur, tiazofurin, decitabine, nolatrexed, pemetrexed,nelzarabine, 2′-deoxy-2′-methylidenecytidine,2′-fluoromethylene-2′-deoxycytidine,N-[5-(2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl)sulfonyl]-N′-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)urea,N6-[4-deoxy-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-tetradecadienoyl]glycylamino]-L-glycero-B-L-mannohepto-pyranosyl]adenine,aplidine, ecteinascidin, troxacitabine,4-[2-amino-4-oxo-4,6,7,8-tetrahydro-3H-pyrimidino[5,4-b]-1,4-thiazin-6-yl-(S)-ethyl]-2,5-thienoyl-L-glutamicacid, aminopterin, 5-fluorouracil, alanosine,11-acetyl-8-(carbamoyloxymethyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxy-14-oxa-1,11-diazatetracyclo-(7.4.1.0.0)tetradeca-2,4,6-trien-9-ylaceticacid ester, swainsonine, lometrexol, dexrazoxane, methioninase,2′-cyano-2′-deoxy-N4-palmitoyl-1-B-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine and3-aminopyridine-2-carboxaldehyde thiosemicarbazone. “Antiproliferativeagents” also include monoclonal anti-bodies to growth factors other thanthose listed under “angiogenesis inhibitors”, such as trastuzumab, andtumour suppressor genes, such as p53, which can be delivered viarecombinant virus-mediated gene transfer (see U.S. Pat. No. 6,069,134,for example).

Evidence of the Action of Pharmacological Inhibitors on theProliferation/Vitality of Tumour Cells In Vitro

1.0 Background

In the present experiment description, the inhibition of tumour cellproliferation/tumour cell vitality by active ingredients is described.

The cells are sown in a suitable cell density in microtitre plates(96-well format) and the test substances are added in the form of aconcentration series. After four further days of cultivation inserum-containing medium, the tumour cell proliferation/tumour cellvitality can be determined by means of an Alamar Blue test system.

2.0 Experimental Procedure

2.1 Cell Culture

For example commercially available colon carcinoma cell lines, ovarycell lines, prostate cell lines or breast cell lines, etc.

The cells are cultivated in medium. At intervals of several days, thecells are detached from the culture dishes with the aid of trypsinsolution and sown in suitable dilution in fresh medium. The cells arecultivated at 37° Celsius and 10% CO₂.

2.2. Sowing of the Cells

A defined number of cells (for example 2000 cells) per culture/well in avolume of 180 μl of culture medium are sown in microtitre plates (96well cell-culture plates) using a multichannel pipette. The cells aresubsequently cultivated in a CO2 incubator (37° C. and 10% CO2).

2.3. Addition of the Test Substances

The test substances are dissolved, for example, in DMSO and subsequentlyemployed in corresponding concentration (if desired in a dilutionseries) in the cell culture medium. The dilution steps can be adapteddepending on the efficiency of the active ingredients and the desiredspread of the concentrations. Cell culture medium is added to the testsubstances in corresponding concentrations. The addition of the testsubstances to the cells can take place on the same day as the sowing ofthe cells. To this end, in each case 20 μl of substance solution fromthe predilution plate are added to the cultures/wells. The cells arecultivated for a further 4 days at 37° Celsius and 10% CO₂.

2.4. Measurement of the Colour Reaction

In each case, 20 μl of Alamar Blue reagent are added per well, and themicrotitre plates are incubated, for example, for a further seven hoursin a CO2 incubator (at 37° C. and 10% CO2). The plates are measured in areader with a fluorescence filter at a wavelength of 540 nm. The platescan be shaken gently immediately before the measurement.

3. Evaluation

The absorbance value of the medium control (no cells and test substancesused) is subtracted from all other absorbance values. The controls(cells without test substance) are set equal to 100 percent, and allother absorbance values are set in relation thereto (for example in % ofcontrol): Calculation:

$\frac{\begin{matrix}{100*\left( {{{value}\mspace{14mu}{with}\mspace{14mu}{cells}\mspace{14mu}{and}\mspace{14mu}{test}\mspace{14mu}{substance}} -} \right.} \\\left. {{value}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{medium}\mspace{14mu}{control}} \right)\end{matrix}}{\left( {{{value}\mspace{14mu}{with}\mspace{14mu}{cells}} - {{value}\mspace{14mu}{of}\mspace{14mu}{medium}\mspace{14mu}{control}}} \right)}$

IC₅₀ values (50% inhibition) are determined with the aid of statisticsprograms, such as, for example, RS1.

IC₅₀ data for compounds according to the invention are shown in Table 1.

Material Order No. Manufacturer Microtitre plates for cell culture167008 Nunc (Nunclon Surface 96-well plate) DMEM P04-03550 Pan BiotechPBS (10x) Dulbecco 14200-067 Gibco 96-well plates (polypropylene) 267334Nunc AlamarBlue ™ BUF012B Serotec FCS 1302 Pan Biotech GmbH Trypsin/EDTASolution 10x L 2153 Biochrom AG 75 cm² culture bottles 353136 BD FalconA2780 93112519 ECACC Colo205 CCL222 ATCC MCF7 HTB22 ATCC PC3 CRL-1435ATCC APCI-MS (atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation - massspectrometry) (M + H)⁺.HPLC Gradient System

Column:

ChromolithPerformance RP-18e (Merck KGaA, Cat. 1.02129.0001)

Eluents:

Eluent A: 0.1 M aqueous NaH2PO4

Eluent B: acetonitrile+10% of water

Flow rate: 4 ml/min

Gradient:

0 min 1% of B

1 min 1% of B

7 min 99% of B

8 min 99% of B

EXAMPLE 1

The preparation ofphenyl[4-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-amine (“A1”) iscarried out analogously to the following scheme

1.1 140 mg (0.20 mmol) of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chlorideand 15 mg (0.08 mmol) of copper(I) iodide are added to a solution, keptunder nitrogen, of 1.37 g (4.00 mmol) of tert-butyl3-iodopyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate (prepared by the method of M.Lefoix et al, Synthesis, 2005, 20, 3581-3588) in 20 ml oftetrahydrofuran. Carbon monoxide is passed into this solution in anautoclave apparatus, and the mixture is stirred at a pressure of about 5bar for 50 minutes. The apparatus is decompressed, 589 mg (6.00 mmol) oftrimethylsilylacetylene and 405 mg (4.00 mmol) of triethylamine areadded under nitrogen. The apparatus is re-pressurised to 5.8 bar withcarbon monoxide, and the reaction mixture is stirred at room temperaturefor 45 hours. Saturated sodium chloride solution is added to thereaction mixture, which is then extracted with dichloromethane. Theorganic phase is dried over sodium sulfate and evaporated. The residueis chromatographed on a silica-gel column with petroleum ether/ethylacetate as eluent: tert-butyl3-(3-trimethylsilylpropynoyl)pyrrolo-[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate asyellowish crystals; ESI 343.

1.2 104 mg (0.75 mmol) of potassium carbonate are added to a solution of103 mg (0.30 mmol of tert-butyl3-(3-trimethylsilylpropynoyl)pyrrolo-[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate and148 mg (0.75 mmol) of phenylguanidine carbonate in 1.5 ml of ethyleneglycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is heated at the boil for 68hours. After cooling, 10 ml of water are added, and the mixture isstirred at 40° C. for 1 h. The precipitate formed is filtered off withsuction, washed with water and dried in vacuo, givingphenyl-[4-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amine (“A1”) aspale-brown solid; ESI 287;

¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ [ppm] 6.90 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (m, 3H), 7.39 (d,J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 8.22 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.32 (d,J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 9.46 (s, 1H), 9.81 (s, 1H), 12.0 (bs, 1H).

EXAMPLE 2

The preparation of 4-phenyl-6-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl-amine (“A2”) is carried outanalogously to the following scheme

“A2”: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ [ppm] 6.65 (br, 2H), 7.45 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),7.48-7.56 (m, 3H), 7.69 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.24 (m, 2H), 8.27 (d, J=6.5 Hz,1H), 8.53 (s, 1H), 9.92 (s, 1H) 12.1 (br, 1H).

EXAMPLE 3

The preparation of4-butyl-6-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl-amine (“A3”) iscarried out analogously to the following scheme

“A3”: ¹H NMR (DMSO-d₆) δ [ppm] 0.90 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 3H), 1.34 (sextet,J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.64 (quintet, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 2.45-2.53 (m, 2H), 6.45(bs, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=5.6 Hz, 1H),8.27 (s, 1H), 9.82 (s, 1H), 12.0 (bs, 1H).

The following compounds are obtained analogously

Com- pound analytical No. Name and/or structure data “A4” 

“A9” 

“A10”

“A11”

“A12”

“A13”

“A14”

“A15”

“A16”

“A17”

“A18”

EXAMPLE 4

The preparation of4-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-o-tolylamine (“A6”) iscarried out as shown below.

173 mg (1.25 mmol) of potassium carbonate are added to a solution of 171mg (0.50 mmol) of tert-butyl3-(3-trimethylsilylpropynoyl)pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine-1-carboxylate and265 mg (1.25 mmol) of 2-methylphenylguanidinium nitrate (prepared by themethod of J. L. Hughes et al., J. Med. Chem. 1975, 18, 1077-1088) in 2.5ml of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the mixture is heated at theboil for 18 hours. After cooling, the reaction mixture is partitionedbetween water and dichloromethane. The organic phase is dried oversodium sulfate and evaporated. The residue is chromatographed on asilica-gel column with dichloromethane/methanol as eluent, giving[4-(1H-pyrrolo-[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]-o-tolyl-amine (“A6”)as beige crystals; ESI 303;

¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO): δ [ppm] 2.28 (s, 3H), 7.11 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (t,J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d,J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 1H), 8.28 (d,J=5.0 Hz, 1H), 8.35 (s, 1H), 8.71 (s, 1H) 9.51 (s, 1H), 12.02 (bs, 1H).

The following compounds are obtained analogously

Com- pound analytical No. Name and/or structure data “A5” 

ESI 212 “A7” 

ESI 306 ¹H-NMR (d₆-DMSO): δ [ppm] 6.76 (td, J₁ = 8.5 Hz, J₂ = 2.5 Hz,1H), 7.33 (q, J = 8 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (dd, J₁ = 5Hz, J₂ = 1 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J₁ = 8 Hz, J₂ = 2 Hz, 1H), 7.89 (dt, J₁ =12.5 Hz, J₂ = 2 Hz, 1H), 8.30 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 8.43 (s, 1H), 8.44(d, J = 5 Hz, 1H), 9.75 (s, 1H), 9.89 (s, 1H), 12.13 (bs, 1H) A8”

ESI 318 “A19”

“A20”

“A21”

“A22”

“A23”

“A24”

“A25”

“A26”

“A27”

“A28”

TABLE 1 Inhibition of the proliferation/vitality of tumour cells IC₅₀ ofcompound “A1” Cells IC₅₀ Colo205 (intestine) A A2780 (ovary) A PC3(prostate) A MCF7 (breast) A IC₅₀: 10 nM − 1 μM = A 1 μM − 10 μM = B >10μM = CInhibition of the proliferation/vitality of tumour cells [A2780 (ovary)]

Compound IC₅₀ “A6” B “A7” A “A8” B IC₅₀: 10 nM − 1 μM = A 1 μM − 10 μM =B >10 μM = C

The following examples relate to medicaments:

EXAMPLE A Injection Vials

A solution of 100 g of an active ingredient of the formula I and 5 g ofdisodium hydrogenphosphate in 3 l of bidistilled water is adjusted to pH6.5 using 2 N hydrochloric acid, sterile filtered, transferred intoinjection vials, lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed understerile conditions. Each injection vial contains 5 mg of activeingredient.

EXAMPLE B Suppositories

A mixture of 20 g of an active ingredient of the formula I with 100 g ofsoya lecithin and 1400 g of cocoa butter is melted, poured into mouldsand allowed to cool. Each suppository contains 20 mg of activeingredient.

EXAMPLE C Solution

A solution is prepared from 1 g of an active ingredient of the formulaI, 9.38 g of NaH₂PO₄.2 H₂O, 28.48 g of Na₂HPO₄.12 H₂O and 0.1 g ofbenzalkonium chloride in 940 ml of bidistilled water. The pH is adjustedto 6.8, and the solution is made up to 1 l and sterilised byirradiation. This solution can be used in the form of eye drops.

EXAMPLE D Ointment

500 mg of an active ingredient of the formula I are mixed with 99.5 g ofVaseline under aseptic conditions.

EXAMPLE E Tablets

A mixture of 1 kg of active ingredient of the formula I, 4 kg oflactose, 1.2 kg of potato starch, 0.2 kg of talc and 0.1 kg of magnesiumstearate is pressed in a conventional manner to give tablets in such away that each tablet contains 10 mg of active ingredient.

EXAMPLE F Dragees

Tablets are pressed analogously to Example E and subsequently coated ina conventional manner with a coating of sucrose, potato starch, talc,tragacanth and dye.

EXAMPLE G Capsules

2 kg of active ingredient of the formula I are introduced into hardgelatine capsules in a conventional manner in such a way that eachcapsule contains 20 mg of the active ingredient.

EXAMPLE H Ampoules

A solution of 1 kg of active ingredient of the formula I in 60 l ofbidistilled water is sterile filtered, transferred into ampoules,lyophilised under sterile conditions and sealed under sterileconditions. Each ampoule contains 10 mg of active ingredient.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method for treating a tumour, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of acompounds of formula I

in which R¹ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or—[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R² denotes H or A, R³, R⁴ each, independentlyof one another, denote H, A, Hal, CN, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Hetor -[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R⁵ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar,—[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R⁶ denotes H or alkylhaving 1-6 C atoms, A, A′ each, independently of one another, denoteunbranched or branched alkyl having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or twoCH₂ groups may be replaced by O or S atoms and/or by —CH═CH— groups,and/or 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F, Hal denotes F, Cl, Br or I, Ardenotes a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle having 5-14 Catoms which is unsubstituted or mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- orpentasubstituted by OH, OA, SH, SA, SOA, SO₂A, Hal, NO₂, NH₂, NHA, NAA′,A, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHA, SO₂NAA′, CONH₂, CONHA, CONAA′, NACOA′, NASO₂A′, COOH,COOA, COA, CHO and/or CN, Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl,pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl,indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- ordisubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A, and n denotes 0, 1 or 2, or apharmaceutically acceptable derivative, solvate, salt, tautomer orstereoisomer thereof.
 2. A method according to claim 1, where the tumouris a tumour of the squamous epithelium, the bladder, the stomach, thekidneys, head and neck, the oesophagus, the cervix, the thyroid, theintestine, the liver, the brain, the prostate, the urogenital tract, thelymphatic system, the stomach, the larynx and/or the lung.
 3. A methodaccording to claim 1, where the tumour is monocytic leukaemia, lungadenocarcinoma, small-cell lung carcinomas, pancreatic cancer, coloncarcinoma, glioblastomas and/or breast carcinoma.
 4. A method accordingto claim 1, where the tumour is a tumour of the blood or immune system.5. A method according to claim 1, where the tumour is acute myeloidleukaemia, chronic myeloid leukaemia, acute lymphatic leukaemia and/orchronic lymphatic leukaemia.
 6. A method according to claim 1 fortreating a tumour, further comprising administering a compound selectedfrom the group consisting of 1) oestrogen receptor modulator, 2)androgen receptor modulator, 3) retinoid receptor modulator, 4)cytotoxic agent, 5) antiproliferative agent, 6) prenyl-proteintransferase inhibitor, 7) HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, 8) HIV proteaseinhibitor, 9) reverse transcriptase inhibitor and 10) furtherangiogenesis inhibitors.
 7. A method according to claim 6, furthercomprising administering radiotherapy to said subject.
 8. A methodaccording to claim 1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered inwhich R¹ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 9. A method according to claim1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered in which R³ denotes Hor A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 10. A methodaccording to claim 1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered inwhich R⁴ denotes H, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 11. Amethod according to claim 1, wherein a compound of formula I isadministered in which R⁵ denotes H, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.
 12. A method according to claim 1, wherein a compound offormula I is administered in which R² denotes H, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.
 13. A method according to claim 1, wherein acompound of formula I is administered in which A denotes unbranched orbranched alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, in which 1-7 H atoms may be replacedby F, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 14. A methodaccording to claim 1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered inwhich Ar denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- ortrisubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A, or a pharmaceutically acceptablesalt thereof.
 15. A method according to claim 1, wherein a compound offormula I is administered in which Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl,pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl,indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.
 16. A method according to claim 1, wherein acompound of formula I is administered in which Het denotes furyl,thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole,pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl,quinolyl or 1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is mono- or disubstitutedby OH, OA, Hal and/or A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.17. A method according to claim 1, wherein a compound of formula I isadministered in which Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl,pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl or pyrimidinyl, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 18. A method according toclaim 1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered in which R¹denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar or —[C(R⁶)₂]Het, R² denotes H, R³ denotesH or A, R⁴ denotes H, R⁵ denotes H, R⁶ denotes H or alkyl having 1-6 Catoms, A, A′ each, independently of one another, denote unbranched orbranched alkyl having 1-6 C atoms, in which 1-7 H atoms may be replacedby F, Ar denotes phenyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- ortrisubstituted by OH, OA, NH₂, NHA, NAA′, Hal and/or A, and Het denotesfuryl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl,thiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole,pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl,quinolyl or 1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono-or disubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A, or a pharmaceuticallyacceptable salt thereof.
 19. A method for treating a tumour, comprisingadministering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of one ofthe following compounds Com- pound No. Name and/or structure “A1” Phenyl[4-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-yl]amine “A2” 4-Phenyl-6-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamine “A3” 4-Butyl-6-(1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-3-yl)pyrimidin-2-ylamine “A4” 

“A5” 

“A6” 

“A7” 

“A8” 

“A9” 

“A10”

“A11”

“A12”

“A13”

“A14”

“A15”

“A16”

“A17”

“A18”

“A19”

“A20”

“A21”

“A22”

“A23”

“A24”

“A25”

“A26”

“A27”

“A28”

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
 20. A method according toclaim 1, wherein a compound of formula I is administered in which R¹denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or—[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R² denotes H or A, R³, R⁴ each, independentlyof one another, denote H, A, Hal, CN, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Hetor —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R⁵ denotes H, A, —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Ar,—[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)Het or —[C(R⁶)₂]_(n)cycloalkyl, R⁶ denotes H or alkylhaving 1-6 C atoms, A, A′ each, independently of one another, denoteunbranched or branched alkyl having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or twoCH₂ groups may be replaced by O or S atoms and/or by —CH═CH— groupsand/or 1-7 H atoms may be replaced by F, Hal denotes F, Cl, Br or I, Ardenotes a saturated, unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle having 5-14 Catoms which is unsubstituted or mono-, di-, tri-, tetra- orpentasubstituted by OH, OA, SH, SA, SOA, SO₂A, Hal, NO₂, NH₂, NHA, NAA′,A, SO₂NH₂, SO₂NHA, SO₂NAA′, CONH₂, CONHA, CONAA′, NACOA′, NASO₂A′, COOH,COOA, COA, CHO and/or CN, Het denotes furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl,imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, pyridyl,pyrimidinyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, thiadiazole, pyridazinyl, pyrazinyl,indolyl, isoindolyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, quinolyl or1,3-benzodioxolyl, each of which is unsubstituted or mono- ordisubstituted by OH, OA, Hal and/or A, and n denotes 0, 1 or 2, or apharmaceutically acceptable salt, tautomer or stereoisomer thereof.